Tuesday, April 22, 2008

Grading Neighborhood Schools

A review of three web sites that evaulate schools (from the WSJ a couple of months ago):

Education -- an issue that affects everyone in some way or another -- is an ideal candidate for discussions on the Web. There, parents, students and teachers can ask questions under the cloak of Internet anonymity, which enables conversations about personal topics such as learning disabilities and teacher conflicts.

But the vastness of the Internet can leave many people wondering where to begin, especially when asking sensitive questions about education. And, even in a sea of discussions and forums on education, parents are often hungry for one piece of information above all else: data that helps them select a school for their children.

So this week I tried three education-related Web sites that dedicate some or all of their resources toward providing free school comparisons, including demographics, test results, teacher-to-student ratios, and percentages of students eating free and reduced-price lunches.

-----------------------

Grading Neighborhood Schools

Web Sites Compare
A Variety of Data,
Looking Beyond Scores
February 20, 2008; Page D6

Education -- an issue that affects everyone in some way or another -- is an ideal candidate for discussions on the Web. There, parents, students and teachers can ask questions under the cloak of Internet anonymity, which enables conversations about personal topics such as learning disabilities and teacher conflicts.

UFT Charter School Leader Will Leave After Clash With Teacher

Many school reformers were unhappy when the UFT decided to start its own charter school in NYC, but I was delighted.  As I said at the time, I looked forward to them having to grapple with the issues charter schools have to deal with.  And if that isn't difficult enough, I pointed out some additional dilemmas that their charter school would have.  For example, to ensure a successful school, they'd have to hire based on merit, not seniority, and I wondered what they would do when (not if) they had an ineffective or rogue teacher.  I recall writing at the time that I wish I could be a fly on the wall to witness the delicious irony of watching the UFT, which grieves every single attempt by the DOE to remove even the very worst teachers, to try to remove one of their own.
 
Sure enough, the chickens have come home to roost -- the principal has been forced out (if you read between the lines; it probably should have happened a long time ago), a teacher went off the reservation, was fired, grieved it and was reinstated, teachers and parents are up in arms, etc.  What a total mess.
 
Here's the beginning of the story from the front page of today's NY Sun:

When the president of the United Federation of Teachers, Randi Weingarten, opened a school in 2005 — the first ever union-run charter school in New York, and one of the only such schools in America — she promised an “oasis.” Under UFT management, she said, teachers would win a reprieve from the Bloomberg administration’s heavy-handedness, and children would benefit.

Three years later, “oasis” remains the goal, but nearly everyone involved concedes the school isn’t there yet.

With two school years completed, the total number of teachers at the school has risen to 31 from nine. Eleven teachers have left, some of them with ill will. Though many parents are happy, others have recently held an emergency meeting to criticize what they say is sometimes an unsafe environment and a dictatorial management. A tug of war is going on with the traditional public school whose building the charter school shares.

Now the school’s top administrator, Rita Danis, is announcing her resignation to parents and teachers after facing criticism from a teacher who said she was mistreated and subsequently fired in large part because she raised complaints.

“It hasn’t been the utopia that I had hoped for,” Ms. Weingarten said in an interview last week. “I think the processes that we’ve had in place are really good processes now. But we’ve had, just like every other school has, some bumps in the road.”

The article doesn't say what the school's test scores are, but they must be weak if Randi's making lame excuses like this:

Ms. Weingarten said that she believes the school’s difficulties do not stem from its unique labor-management structure, but rather from external pressures created by the No Child Left Behind law and the State University of New York, which as part of its oversight of charter schools inquires regularly on progress, including test score gains.

“I think what’s starting to happen is that the focus and fixation on test scores to the exclusion of all else, that SUNY requires, the pressure that people feel from No Child Left Behind, has really stunted good educational opportunity,” Ms. Weingarten said. “And, you know, I’ve seen that in terms of even our teachers and our school leader being really afraid of what the school scores are going to be like. That dominates their life, and instead of looking at it in terms of taking risks, trying new things, and things like that, that’s dominated their life.”

Now maybe Randi and the UFT can better appreciate why nearly all charter schools are nonunion -- or at least reject the onerous contracts that exist in most big cities (not all contracts have to be this way -- witness Green Dot).  It's NOT because they want to exploit teachers by underpaying or overworking them or subjecting them to arbitrary firings.  Rather, to run an effective school, the principal needs to be able to manage the school, a critical part of which is being able to hire and fire people with relatively few restrictions.  Some principals are lousy at this and treat people badly/unfairly, but the solution to this problem is not to make labor an equal partner with management -- it's to fire the lousy managers. 
 
There's a reason why 99.9% of all organizations in the world, both for profit and nonprofit, have managers and employees that are not equals: because the interests of employees are not the same as the interests of the organization, so you need management to represent the latter.  As we're seeing with the UFT charter school, when one violates this basic principle, while it may sound good -- all kumbaya and such -- in practice it leads to the Mad Hatter's Tea Party.
 
-----------------------

UFT Charter School Leader Will Leave After Clash With Teacher

By

When the president of the United Federation of Teachers, Randi Weingarten, opened a school in 2005 — the first ever union-run charter school in New York, and one of the only such schools in America — she promised an “oasis.” Under UFT management, she said, teachers would win a reprieve from the Bloomberg administration’s heavy-handedness, and children would benefit.

Three years later, “oasis” remains the goal, but nearly everyone involved concedes the school isn’t there yet.

Clueless in America

Bob Herbert with a great Op Ed in today's NYT:

We don’t hear a great deal about education in the presidential campaign. It’s much too serious a topic to compete with such fun stuff as Hillary tossing back a shot of whiskey, or Barack rolling a gutter ball.

The nation’s future may depend on how well we educate the current and future generations, but (like the renovation of the nation’s infrastructure, or a serious search for better sources of energy) that can wait. At the moment, no one seems to have the will to engage any of the most serious challenges facing the U.S.

An American kid drops out of high school every 26 seconds. That’s more than a million every year, a sign of big trouble for these largely clueless youngsters in an era in which a college education is crucial to maintaining a middle-class quality of life — and for the country as a whole in a world that is becoming more hotly competitive every day.

Ignorance in the United States is not just bliss, it’s widespread. A recent survey of teenagers by the education advocacy group Common Core found that a quarter could not identify Adolf Hitler, a third did not know that the Bill of Rights guaranteed freedom of speech and religion, and fewer than half knew that the Civil War took place between 1850 and 1900.

-----------------------
April 22, 2008
Op-Ed Columnist

Clueless in America

We don’t hear a great deal about education in the presidential campaign. It’s much too serious a topic to compete with such fun stuff as Hillary tossing back a shot of whiskey, or Barack rolling a gutter ball.

Saturday, April 19, 2008

Harlem Success Academy Charter School lottery and the crime of charter caps and the failure of our educational system

At the Harlem Success Academy Charter School lottery last Thursday, Joel Klein said "this night will go down in the history of New York City as a truly transformative night. I've been waiting for this since I became Chancellor six years ago." He's exactly right.
Nearly 5,000 (!) people showed up, including parents of 3,600 children who wanted a better educational opportunity for their children. It was a magnificent sight -- see the pictures posted at: http://picasaweb.google.com/WTilson/HarlemSuccessLottery -- and a compelling rebuttal to those dimwits who claim that inner-city parents don't care about their childrens' educations and/or aren't aware of better educational options in their communities. 50% of the eligible parents in the area were there.
Gov. Paterson spoke first, admitting that he at one time was against charter schools, but that he was wrong and now strongly supports them. Then, the Executive Director of Harlem Success, Eva Moskowitz, spoke about the school and its rigorous curriculum, high expectations, etc. (see www.harlemsuccess.org). Eva was followed by two parents (you can hear what they had to say here: www.youtube.com/watch?v=5EuGJfbz160).
The next speaker was jazz and R&B legend James Mtume, who rocked! You can hear what he said here: www.youtube.com/watch?v=LpLdJlCAenA. His best line was when he called out the NY legislature for passing the world's most idiotic bill, preventing the DOE from using student test scores when making teacher tenure decisions. Mtume said, "that would be like picking someone for my basketball team without checking to see if they'd ever scored a point, or giving someone a permanent job at a law firm without knowing if they'd ever won a case." Well put!
Joel Klein was the last speaker before the results of the lottery were announced -- unfortunately my video camera battery died at the end of Mtume's remarks so I didn't videotape Klein, but he was great.
All of the speakers made it very clear to the parents that many of the politicians who are supposed to represent them are screwing them when it comes to giving them better educational options like Harlem Success and other charter schools. The parents were very fired up to let their politicians know their feelings about this! The last photo below is of a card from Harlem Parents United that was passed out to the parents, calling on City Council member Inez Dickens of Harlem, a foe of charter schools, to reconsider her views. It looked to me like the bag of filled out cards was stuffed with a few thousand of them...
It was a tragic night as well, however. Even with Harlem Success expanding from one school currently to four schools this fall, there were only spaces for 600 of the 3,600 children who desperately need them. In other words, 84% of the parents went home losers of the lottery. I wonder how many of them know the life-altering consequences of the lottery -- many, I suspect. Most have no other choice but to send their child to a local public school, which means that odds that their child will ever get a four-year college degree -- the bare minimum these days for having a fair shot at the American Dream -- are at best 10% (in Harlem, 60% of children in public schools can't read at grade level). In contrast, I'd guess, based on results from other top charter school operators like KIPP and Uncommon Schools, that 60-70% of the children who win the lottery and stay at Harlem Success will graduate from four-year colleges (we'll know for sure in about 15 years, but I'd bet a lot of money that my guess will be right).
For a far more eloquent statement of the tragedy of charter caps and the resulting need for lotteries, see what I posted on my blog about an email I received a year ago, written by someone at the MATCH charter school in Boston (pretty much the same thing happened at the Harlem Success lottery):

A story from the MATCH charter school lottery and the crime of charter caps and the failure of our educational system

Last October, I visited the MATCH charter school in Boston (see http://edreform.blogspot.com/2007/03/visits-to-two-charter-schools-in-boston.html), which is achiving miracles with high school students that enter MATCH in 9th grade doing math at the 5th grade level and reading at the 6th grade level.
So it was with particular interest that I read this email from Danny Clark, a friend of a friend who works at MATCH, describing in heart-breaking detail the lottery to determine which children get what I call "exit visas from hell" (65 lucky ones) and the remaining 500+, nearly all of whom will go back to schools that EVERYONE KNOWS are utterly failing.
I get choked up reading this -- that this exists in our country is so deeply, profoundly wrong:

At the same time, this was an unbelievably heartbreaking moment. I stood there and watched parents overjoyed at the news, while other parents sat tensely waiting, hoping that their child's name would be called. Long after the first 135 names were called, basically after any hope of admission was gone, a couple of parents stayed on, listening to each name being read out.

Continue reading at: http://edreform.blogspot.com/2007/03/story-from-match-charter-school-lottery.html

Wednesday, April 09, 2008

Legislators Balk at Tying Teacher Tenure to Student Tests

I was going to go off on a rant about this outrageous likely action by the NY State legislature, but I don't need to -- to my surprise (and delight), the NYT editorial page did it for me!
April 9, 2008
Editorial

Albany Fails Again

Prepare to hand out more demerits in New York’s capital. One of the reasons that the budget is late this year has nothing to do with the state’s $124 billion spending plan. The back-room debate in recent days has focused on a piece of language, which was mysteriously inserted into the education section of the budget, that bars school administrators from considering student test scores when determining whether a teacher deserves to get tenure.

It is an absurd ban that does a disservice to the state’s millions of public school students. The State Legislature should remove this language from the budget.

To judge whether a teacher elevates the class or sets students spiraling backward, administrators should look at the biggest possible picture. That includes the teacher’s education and experience, of course. But what about the students’ work, including their performance on standardized tests? Shouldn’t that also be considered before giving a teacher a virtually permanent job in New York State? The ban is so nonsensical that lawmakers clearly decided that the only way to get it passed was to keep it hidden deep in the budget documents.

Nobody in Albany would say who is behind this language. The driving force, however, is the powerful teachers’ union that gives lots of money and time to state campaigns. Union leaders argue that it is impossible to judge a teacher fairly by students’ performance on tests, especially since many are given in the middle of the year.

The chancellor of New York City’s schools, Joel Klein, has argued that test performance can be analyzed in a way that makes it a useful tool for comparing teachers’ performance. Also, he has said that this should be a matter for each local district to decide. For his schools, he has sensibly promised that the scores will be only one of several metrics used. The best teachers teach children how to collect information carefully and how to evaluate it critically. Before they hand out tenure, New York’s school administrators should be able to do the same.

It would be hard to find a better example of the importance of education reform philanthropists setting aside, say, 10% of their giving to the political angle of school reform -- to things like Democrats for Education Reform, All Children Matter, BAEO (Black Alliance for Educational Options), HCREO (Hispanic Council for Reform and Educational Options), EdVoice (California), ConnCAN (CT), Step Up for Students (FL), etc. 
 
I'd guess that the percentage is far below 1% today, which is why -- let's be honest -- the education reform agenda gets clobbered at the local, state and federal level.  If this passes in NY, the teachers unions will have kicked our butts once again -- and I'm getting really tired of it.
 
--------------------
April 9, 2008

Legislators Balk at Tying Teacher Tenure to Student Tests

ALBANY — In the latest rebuke to Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg’s agenda, state lawmakers have decided to bar student test scores from being considered when teacher tenure determinations are made.

Mark Levine for NY City Council

Speaking of the importance of electing the right politicians, not gutless weasels who mouth meaningless platitudes and then, when push comes to shove, stick a knife in your back, my friend Mark Levine is running for City Council and needs our support so I hope you can join me on Tuesday evening, April 15th, to meet him.  The cocktail party will be at 6:30pm at the home of Franco Baseggio, 147 West 22nd Street, Apt 7S. 
 
There's no required donation, but anything a NYC resident gives to his campaign up to $175 per person is matched SIX-TO-ONE!
 
I’ve known Mark for years and he's an amazing person and social entrepreneur.  He's a TFA alum (no surprise) and -- well, why don't I let him introduce himself:
I'm running for City Council in the 7th District, which stretches along the western edge of Northern Manhattan from 123rd to 218th St.  It's the same seat I ran for in 2001, when I came in a close 2nd out of a field of 10.  The incumbent, Robert Jackson, is now leaving the seat due to term limits, and the next primary is Sept., 2009.  
 
My roots in the district are deep—I am founder and president of a community development credit union in the neighborhood with 4,500 members, and for the past decade and a half I’ve been active locally on education, housing, transportation, and many other issues.  Last year I won a Democratic District Leader seat in Washington Heights (first reform candidate in 25 years to do so), and then became the only District Leader in the 15th congressional district to become a delegate for Obama. 
 
I’m a Teach For America alum, and currently serve as Executive Director of the Center for After-School Excellence (see: www.afterschoolexcellence.org).   I’m a big supporter of charter schools, including KIPP Infinity, which is run by my friend Joe Negron and is in my district.   I believe accountability, quality leadership, and the ability to innovate are essential to the success of the pubic schools.
I'll add that Mark's main opponent in the City Council race is Assemblyman Denny Farrell, right hand in the state Assembly to Shelly Silver, the primary opponent in the state to the DFER agenda.
 
If you’d like to come, please RSVP to Franco at FBaseggio@hbk.com -- and bring some friends!

The importance of elite schools

One of my friends had an interesting response to an article I sent around last week:
I had to comment on the absurd quote at the end of the article about the competition for admission at elite colleges.  “I know why it matters so much, and I also don’t understand why it matters so much,” said William M. Shain, dean of admissions and financial aid at Bowdoin. “Where we went to college does not set us up for success or keep us away from it.” 
 
Is he serious?  I Googled Mr. Shain and his bio says he graduated from Princeton and earned a law degree at Columbia.  This bio hardly suggests that he has the personal experience to offer opinions about where one goes to college.  I know from personal experience, as a graduate from York College, a CUNY school in Jamaica, Queens, about how the reputation of a school, or lack thereof, can affect your future success. 
 
When I interviewed at certain elite law schools, two of the admissions directors were quite frank with me and said they had never had a candidate from York and they were unsure of what to do with me, even though I graduated summa cum laude.  Needless to say I was not accepted at those schools, but thankfully was accepted at some other elite schools including my law alma mater, Georgetown. 
 
Maybe Mr. Shain's comments are what helps him sleep at night after rejecting thousands of students, but getting into the right college, particularly if you're a minority, low-income student that survives the hellacious K-12 experience, means everything for one's future success.  If Mr. Shain's comments were true, there wouldn't be so many applicants for elite schools.

In Test, Few Skilled Student Writers

More evidence of our students' (and schools') dismal performance:

About one-third of America’s eighth-grade students, and about one in four high school seniors, are proficient writers, according to results of a nationwide test released on Thursday.

The test, administered last year, showed that there were modest increases in the writing skills of low-performing students since the last time a similar exam was given, in 2002. But the skills of high-performing eighth and 12th graders remained flat or declined.

--------------------
April 3, 2008

In Test, Few Skilled Student Writers

About one-third of America’s eighth-grade students, and about one in four high school seniors, are proficient writers, according to results of a nationwide test released on Thursday.

'With a Few More Brains ...'

A brilliant article by Kristof on the dumbing down of America -- and our politicians:

A 34-nation study found Americans less likely to believe in evolution than citizens of any of the countries polled except Turkey.

President Bush is also the only Western leader I know of who doesn't believe in evolution, saying "the jury is still out." No word on whether he believes in little green men.

Only one American in 10 understands radiation, and only one in three has an idea of what DNA does. One in five does know that the Sun orbits the Earth ...oh, oops.

"America is now ill with a powerful mutant strain of intertwined ignorance, anti-rationalism, and anti-intellectualism," Susan Jacoby argues in a new book, "The Age of American Unreason." She blames a culture of "infotainment," sound bites, fundamentalist religion and ideological rigidity for impairing thoughtful debate about national policies.

Even insults have degenerated along with other discourse, Ms. Jacoby laments. She contrasts Dick Cheney's obscene instruction to Senator Patrick Leahy with a more elegant evisceration by House Speaker Thomas Reed in the 1890s: "With a few more brains he could be a half-wit."

Her broader point is that we as a nation will have difficulty making crucial decisions if we don't have an intellectual climate that fosters an informed and reasoned debate. How can we decide on embryonic stem cells if we don't understand biology? How can we judge whether to invade Iraq if we don't know a Sunni from a Shiite?

Our competitiveness as a nation in coming decades will be determined not only by our financial accounts but also by our intellectual accounts. In that respect, we're at a disadvantage, particularly vis-à-vis East Asia with its focus on education.

From Singapore to Japan, politicians pretend to be smarter and better- educated than they actually are, because intellect is an asset at the polls. In the United States, almost alone among developed countries, politicians pretend to be less worldly and erudite than they are (Bill Clinton was masterful at hiding a brilliant mind behind folksy Arkansas sayings about pigs).

Alas, when a politician has the double disadvantage of obvious intelligence and an elite education and then on top of that tries to educate the public on a complex issue — as Al Gore did about climate change — then that candidate is derided as arrogant and out of touch.

The dumbing-down of discourse has been particularly striking since the 1970s. Think of the devolution of the emblematic conservative voice from William Buckley to Bill O'Reilly. It's enough to make one doubt Darwin.

There's no simple solution, but the complex and incomplete solution is a greater emphasis on education at every level. And maybe, just maybe, this cycle has run its course, for the last seven years perhaps have discredited the anti-intellectualism movement. President Bush, after all, is the movement's epitome — and its fruit.

--------------------
March 30, 2008
Op-Ed Columnist

'With a Few More Brains ...'

Ten days ago, I noted the reckless assertion of Barack Obama's former pastor that the United States government had deliberately engineered AIDS to kill blacks, but I tried to put it in context by citing a poll showing that 30 percent of African-Americans believe such a plot is at least plausible.

Thursday, April 03, 2008

A Schools Veteran Girds for a Broader Battlefield

This profile of Randi Weingarten from the front page of the Metro Section of today's NYT is (to my surprise, frankly) well done.  Her supporters will think it was too harsh and her critics will think it was a puff piece, which probably means it struck the right balance.  The article quotes DFER

Randi Weingarten has spent more than a decade cultivating a reputation as the archetypal union leader: a combative dealmaker and consummate political street fighter for city teachers. Yet at a recent education conference in Nashville, there was a fellow from the conservative Hoover Institute, Eric A. Hanushek, gushing with praise for Ms. Weingarten, and promising to do all he could to support her bid to become the president of the American Federation of Teachers, the national union.

Just one thing, he added with a laugh: “I don’t know if that’s good for your image.”

Later this month, Ms. Weingarten is expected to announce her candidacy to run the national teachers’ union, with her election widely considered virtually assured. The position would put her in place to be one of the most important people in shaping the national debate on education policy in the next few years.

I've written extensively about Randi and the teachers unions in the past (click here for more).  Here's an excerpt:
I think she's one of the most forward-thinking teacher union leaders in the country (not to damn her with faint praise), as evidenced by embracing Green Dot among other things.  She's smart, very effective at her job, and I think she really cares about what's best for children -- but the interests of her union and the interests of children often do not intersect, which puts her in terribly difficult positions...When she advocates something that I don’t think is in the best interests of children, I blast her for it, but it’s not personal -- she’s just doing her job!
 
Many school reformers become outraged when this happens, but this is an unreasonable expectation.  Just like any other union, they exist to fight for the interests of  their members – things like higher pay, better benefits, shorter work hours and greater job protection – and they have been extraordinarily effective at achieving these aims. Does anyone get angry when the head of the longshoreman’s union fights for work rules that create more jobs, hours, benefits, job protection and privileges for his members, at the expense of the efficient and cost-effective operation of the port? Of course not – he’s just doing his job!
 
There is, however, one huge difference: no-one thinks that the longshoreman’s union cares one iota about the efficient and cost-effective operation of the port, yet the general public, media and politicians tend to suffer from the delusion that the teachers unions represent the interests of children!
 
I'm a Democrat and I believe in the importance of unions in protecting workers, helping level the playing field with management and ensuring that workers receive fair pay and benefits and have job protections against unreasonable dismissals, retaliation, etc.
 
But in districts where the teacher unions have developed a great deal of power -- typically in large cities -- they have gone far beyond this role and frequently start behaving like the longshoreman's union, trying to intimidate or blacklist perceived enemies (just ask Eva Moskowitz), etc.  Worst of all, when it comes to what's best for children, they -- like many unions -- seem to think it's part of their duty to protect the very worst teachers.  Randi's union, for example, grieves every attempt to remove a teacher, no matter how egregious the circumstances -- something that is not generally the case with other teachers unions.
 
Finally, while I think the teachers unions are, in general, obstacles to genuine reform, they are unfairly blamed by many for everything that is wrong with our schools.  They are certainly easy targets for reformers to rail against, but I've never heard a good answer to my response: "Look at schools in Houston, for example, where the teachers union is very weak -- not much more than a professional association.  The schools there are every bit as awful as those in other big cities with strong unions, so what makes you think that if the union went away tomorrow that things would get any better?"  My point (to paraphrase Bill Clinton): It's the system stupid!
 
There's a bit of chicken-or-egg, but I think, in general, the unions are not the cause of the dreadful system but rather the result of it.  Go back and look at the history of teachers unions and you'll see that they rose in response to a system that treated teachers horribly, discriminated against women and minorities, etc.  To a large extent, sadly, we got the unions we deserve.  And once this vicious cycle begins, it's really hard to break.
----------------------

A Schools Veteran Girds for a Broader Battlefield

Published: April 3, 2008

Randi Weingarten has spent more than a decade cultivating a reputation as the archetypal union leader: a combative dealmaker and consummate political street fighter for city teachers. Yet at a recent education conference in Nashville, there was a fellow from the conservative Hoover Institute, Eric A. Hanushek, gushing with praise for Ms. Weingarten, and promising to do all he could to support her bid to become the president of the American Federation of Teachers, the national union.